*This article is a guideline only and not to be construed as medical advice. Always contact your eye care doctor with questions and for treatment options. Ocular Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) is a complex condition that can significantly impact the eyes of individuals who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This comprehensive guide aims to provide valuable insights into ocular GVHD, covering its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. What is Ocular GVHD? Ocular GVHD is a manifestation of graft-versus-host disease, a common complication that arises after stem cell or bone marrow transplantation. In this condition, the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's tissues, leading to inflammation and damage in various organs, including the eyes. Causes and Risk Factors Understanding the causes and risk factors of ocular GVHD is crucial for both patients and healthcare professionals. The primary trigger is the transplantation process itself, where the immune cells from the donor recognize the recipient's tissues as foreign and initiate an immune response. Other risk factors include the type of transplant, age, and the presence of pre-existing ocular conditions. Symptoms of Ocular GVHD Recognizing the symptoms of ocular GVHD is vital for early intervention. Common symptoms include dry eyes, redness, light sensitivity, blurred vision, pain, and a gritty or burning sensation. Patients may also experience excessive tearing or mucous discharge. Diagnosis Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management. Ophthalmologists play a key role in diagnosing ocular GVHD by conducting a thorough eye examination, assessing symptoms, and utilizing advanced diagnostic tools such as tear [...]